SENSORY RECEPTION- the process of receiving stimuli or data. These stimuli are either external or internal to the body.
External Stimuli: visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory.
SENSORY PERCEPTION- involves the conscious organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information.
FACTORS AFFECTING SENSORY FUNCTION
a. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
-Infants learn to recognize the face of the mother or caregiver and establish essential to later emotional development.
-Young children respond to music by singing and dancing as they begin to interact with their peers in groups.
-As children grow, they learn to interpret visual and auditory signals when preparing to cross the street.
Adults have many learned responses to sensory cues
b. CULTURE
-Often determines the amount of stimulation that a person considers usual or “normal”.
The normal amount of stimulation associated with ethnic origin, religious affiliation, and income level, also affects the amount of stimulation an individual desires and believes to be meaningful.
CULTURE DEPRIVATION- lack of culturally assistive, supportive, or facilitative acts.
c. STRESS-
Increased stress- people may find their senses already overload and thus seek to decrease sensory stimulation.
Client may seek sensory stimulation during times of low stress.
d. MEDICATIONS AND ILLNESS
-Anyone taking several medications concurrently may show alterations in sensory function; elders are specially at risk and need to be monitored carefully.
Certain medications, if taken over a long period of time, become ototoxic (ex. Aspirin, furosemide, aminoglycosides)
e. LIFESTYLE AND PERSONALITY
-Influences the quality and quantity of stimulation to which an individual is accustomed.
People’s personalities also differ in terms of the quantity and quality of stimuli with which they are comfortable.
Friday, September 11, 2009
Thursday, September 10, 2009
SENSORY ALTERATIONS
a. SENSORY DEPRIVATION
Decrease or lack of meaningful stimuli.
The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is unable to maintain normal stimulation to cerebral cortex.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Excessive yawning, drowsiness, sleeping
Decreased attention span, difficulty concentrating, decreased problem solving.
Impaired memory
Periodic disorientation, general confusions or nocturnal confusions
Hallucinations or delusions
Crying, annoyance over small matters, depression
b. SENSORY OVERLOAD
A person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli.
Factors that contribute to Sensory Overload:
Increased quantity & quality of internal and external stimuli
Inability to disregard stimuli selectively
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Fatigue, sleeplessness
Irritability, anxiety, restlessness
Periodic or general disorientation
Reduced problem-solving ability and task performance
Increased muscle tension
Scattered attention and racing thoughts
c. SENSORY DEFICITS
Impaired reception, perception, or both, of one or more of the senses. ( e.g. blindness, deafness)
ASSESSMENT
a. Nursing History
b. Mental status examination
c. Physical examination
d. Identification of clients at risk
e. Client’s environment
f. Social support network
a. NURSING HISTORY
Nurse assesses present sensory perceptions, usual functioning, sensory deficits, and potential problems
b. MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Assessment of mental status reveals the client’s general cerebral function. These functions include cognitive and affective functions.
Major areas include: language, orientation, memory, and attention span and calculation.
c. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Specific sensory tests include the ff:
Visual acuity
Hearing acuity
Olfactory sense
Gustatory sense
Tactile sense
d. CLIENTS AT RISK
Sensory Deprivation: clients who
Are confined in a nonstimulating or monotonous environment in the home or health care agency
Have impaired vision or hearing
Have mobility restrictions
Are unable to process stimuli
Have emotional disorders
Have limited social contact w/ family and friends
e. SENSORY OVERLOAD: CLIENTS WHO:
Have pain or discomfort
Are acutely ill and have been admitted to an acute care facility
Are being closely monitored in an ICU and have intrusive tubes such as IVs, catheters, NGT, or ET.
Have decreased cognitive ability ( e.g. head injury)
f. CLIENT’S ENVIRONMENT
The nurse assess the client’s environment for quantity, quality, and type of stimuli.
The client’s environment may produce insufficient stimuli, placing the client at risk for sensory overload.
Nonstimulating environment: severely restrict physical activity, limit social contact with family and friends.
g. SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORK
The nurse assesses
Whether the client lives alone
Who visits and when
Any signs indicating social deprivation such as withdrawal from contact with others to avoid embarrassment or dependence on others, negative self-image, reports of lack of meaningful communication with others.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Disturbed Sensory Perception (Specify: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Gustatory, Tactile, Olfactory)
Acute Confusion
Chronic Confusion
Impaired Memory
PLANNING
The overall outcome criteria for clients with sensory-perception alterations are to:
Prevent injury
Maintain the function of existing senses
Develop an effective communication
Prevent sensory overload or deprivation
Reduce social isolation
Prevent activities of daily living independently and safely
APPROPRIATE NURSING ACTIVITIES
Cognitive Stimulation
Communication Enhancement: Hearing deficit & Visual deficit
Nutrition Management
Fall Prevention
Body Mechanics Promotion
Peripheral Sensation Management
Emotional Support
Surveillance: Safety
IMPLEMENTATION
Nurses can assist clients with sensory alterations by:
Promoting healthy sensory function
Adjusting environmental stimuli:
Helping clients to manage acute sensory deficits :
-sensory aids
-promoting the use of other senses
-communicating effectively
Decrease or lack of meaningful stimuli.
The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is unable to maintain normal stimulation to cerebral cortex.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Excessive yawning, drowsiness, sleeping
Decreased attention span, difficulty concentrating, decreased problem solving.
Impaired memory
Periodic disorientation, general confusions or nocturnal confusions
Hallucinations or delusions
Crying, annoyance over small matters, depression
b. SENSORY OVERLOAD
A person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli.
Factors that contribute to Sensory Overload:
Increased quantity & quality of internal and external stimuli
Inability to disregard stimuli selectively
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
Fatigue, sleeplessness
Irritability, anxiety, restlessness
Periodic or general disorientation
Reduced problem-solving ability and task performance
Increased muscle tension
Scattered attention and racing thoughts
c. SENSORY DEFICITS
Impaired reception, perception, or both, of one or more of the senses. ( e.g. blindness, deafness)
Nursing Process Application
ASSESSMENT
a. Nursing History
b. Mental status examination
c. Physical examination
d. Identification of clients at risk
e. Client’s environment
f. Social support network
a. NURSING HISTORY
Nurse assesses present sensory perceptions, usual functioning, sensory deficits, and potential problems
b. MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Assessment of mental status reveals the client’s general cerebral function. These functions include cognitive and affective functions.
Major areas include: language, orientation, memory, and attention span and calculation.
c. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Specific sensory tests include the ff:
Visual acuity
Hearing acuity
Olfactory sense
Gustatory sense
Tactile sense
d. CLIENTS AT RISK
Sensory Deprivation: clients who
Are confined in a nonstimulating or monotonous environment in the home or health care agency
Have impaired vision or hearing
Have mobility restrictions
Are unable to process stimuli
Have emotional disorders
Have limited social contact w/ family and friends
e. SENSORY OVERLOAD: CLIENTS WHO:
Have pain or discomfort
Are acutely ill and have been admitted to an acute care facility
Are being closely monitored in an ICU and have intrusive tubes such as IVs, catheters, NGT, or ET.
Have decreased cognitive ability ( e.g. head injury)
f. CLIENT’S ENVIRONMENT
The nurse assess the client’s environment for quantity, quality, and type of stimuli.
The client’s environment may produce insufficient stimuli, placing the client at risk for sensory overload.
Nonstimulating environment: severely restrict physical activity, limit social contact with family and friends.
g. SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORK
The nurse assesses
Whether the client lives alone
Who visits and when
Any signs indicating social deprivation such as withdrawal from contact with others to avoid embarrassment or dependence on others, negative self-image, reports of lack of meaningful communication with others.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Disturbed Sensory Perception (Specify: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Gustatory, Tactile, Olfactory)
Acute Confusion
Chronic Confusion
Impaired Memory
PLANNING
The overall outcome criteria for clients with sensory-perception alterations are to:
Prevent injury
Maintain the function of existing senses
Develop an effective communication
Prevent sensory overload or deprivation
Reduce social isolation
Prevent activities of daily living independently and safely
APPROPRIATE NURSING ACTIVITIES
Cognitive Stimulation
Communication Enhancement: Hearing deficit & Visual deficit
Nutrition Management
Fall Prevention
Body Mechanics Promotion
Peripheral Sensation Management
Emotional Support
Surveillance: Safety
IMPLEMENTATION
Nurses can assist clients with sensory alterations by:
Promoting healthy sensory function
Adjusting environmental stimuli:
Helping clients to manage acute sensory deficits :
-sensory aids
-promoting the use of other senses
-communicating effectively
Monday, September 7, 2009
Curing Hair Loss
A multi-millionaire will be made one day – the day a scientific researcher finds a simple, inexpensive, universally successful hair regrowth product. And that day will come. The amount of money being funneled into hair loss research is phenomenal, and as long as our society puts such great stock in appearance and beautiful heads of hair, the research will continue until that simple cure is found.
Until then, men and women must investigate and experiment with a variety of products which will have a variety of results, dependent upon the individual. Each human body is unique, with unique levels of hormones, chemicals, and enzymes. For this reason, to date, there is not a universal cure. Some people experience reduction in hair loss and solid regrowth, while others using the same product may not see the same results.For those who experience less than desired results from the variety of topicals, pills, herbs and hair products available, there are currently surgical “cures,” if they have the financial wherewithal to pursue them.
These involve a variety of transplant techniques and can be tedious and a bit painful. Such cures are available for both men and women.Transplants: In transplants, a hair strip is taken from a donor area of the scalp, usually the back, because pattern baldness in both men and women usually does not affect the back of the head. From these stips, individual follicles are extracted and then implanted into the bald area of the scalp. The “art” of this procedure is to get the follicle in so that the slant of the hair is correct for that part of the head. There are usually 1-5 hairs in each follicle, so you can imagine how many transplants have to occur if someone wants a full thick head of hair to replace a completely bald spot.
The average cost of transplant, per follicle is $4 - $6. The average cost of pattern baldness transplants is about $10,000.00 – a hefty bill for most of us. For women who have overall balding events, the cost can be greater still.If you do not have $10,000 to spend at the moment and you must wait until regrowth products improve, you may have to be content with less preferable but effective methods like using Provillus available at www.provillus.com.
There have been great advances in hair pieces for men, and wigs are as much a fashion accessory as jewelry for women. If you select this route, buy a good one and go to a professional who is widely experienced in developing unique hair pieces for individual needs. Generally, you get what you pay for. Fit and ability to have confidence that wind and lots of movement will not move your hair piece are extremely important.
While not the permanent cure you really want, the embarrassment of societal reaction to your baldness is eliminated.Keep abreast of research in the area of hair loss cures. Scientists are close, and the answer could come any day. In the meantime, do what makes you feel comfortable and confident, and use any product that helps you reduce the rate of your current hair loss. Stress and anxiety over this condition will only make it worse.
For more information visit: http://www.provillus.com
Monday, August 31, 2009
Bux.gs Payment Proof!!! $10.57!
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here's the payment proof: (just click on it to zoom)

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here's the payment proof: (just click on it to zoom)

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